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Annals of Oncology Advance Access published online on April 13, 2007
Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm111
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© 2007 European Society for Medical Oncology

review

Targeted therapy in nuclear medicine—current status and future prospects

WJG Oyen1,2,*, L Bodei1,3, F Giammarile1,4, HR Maecke1,5, J Tennvall1,6, M Luster1,7 and B Brans1,8

1 Therapy Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, Hollandstrasse 14 / Mezzanine, A-1020 Vienna, Austria
2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
4 Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
5 Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
6 Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
7 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
8 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

* Correspondence to: Dr W. J. G. Oyen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Tel: +31-24-3614048; Fax: +31-24-3618942; E-mail: w.oyen{at}nucmed.umcn.nl

In recent years, a number of new developments in targeted therapies using radiolabeled compounds have emerged. New developments and insights in radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancer, treatment of lymphoma and solid tumors with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the developments in the application of radiolabeled small receptor-specific molecules such as meta-iodobenzylguanidine and peptides and the position of locoregional treatment in malignant involvement of the liver are reviewed. The introduction of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone and the possibility to enhance iodine uptake with retinoids has changed the radioiodine treatment protocol of patients with thyroid cancer. Introduction of radiolabeled mAbs has provided additional treatment options in patients with malignant lymphoma, while a similar approach proves to be cumbersome in patients with solid tumors. With radiolabeled small molecules that target specific receptors on tumor cells, high radiation doses can be directed to tumors in patients with disseminated disease. Radiolabeled somatostatin derivatives for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors are the role model for this approach. Locoregional treatment with radiopharmaceuticals of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastases to the liver may be used in inoperable cases, but may also be of benefit in a neo-adjuvant or adjuvant setting. Significant developments in the application of targeted radionuclide therapy have taken place. New treatment modalities have been introduced in the clinic. The concept of combining therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals with other treatment modalities is more extensively explored.

peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, radioimmunotherapy, radionuclide therapy, radioiodine therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, transarterial radionuclide therapy

Received for publication January 29, 2007. Accepted for publication February 22, 2007.


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