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Annals of Oncology Advance Access published online on December 12, 2005
Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1093/annonc/mdj107
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© 2005 European Society for Medical Oncology
Received September 20, 2005
Accepted November 11, 2005

original article

Folate intake and squamous-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus in Italian and Swiss men

C. Galeone 1 *, C. Pelucchi 1, F. Levi 2, E. Negri 1, R. Talamini 3, S. Franceschi 4, and C. La Vecchia 5

1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
2 Unité D'épidémiologie du cancer, Institut Universitarie de Médicine Sociale et Préventive, Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
3 Servizio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Via Pedemontana Occ.le, 33081 Aviano (Pordenone), Italy
4 International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon, 08, France
5 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
C. Galeone, E-mail: galeone{at}marionegri.it


  Abstract

Background: Dietary folate has been inversely related to the risk of several cancers. However, studies on the role of dietary folate in oesophageal cancer are scanty.

Patients and methods: Using data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1992 and 1999, we investigated the association between dietary folate intake and oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) among 351 men with incident, histologically confirmed OSCC and 875 hospital controls admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to alcohol and smoking consumption. Intake of folate and other nutrients was computed from a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Results: The multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of OSCC were 0.68 (95% confidence intervals, CI: 0.46-1.00) for the highest versus the lowest tertile of folate intake, and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72-0.99) for an increment of folate intake equal to a standard deviation (98 µg/day). The inverse relation was somewhat stronger in strata of high methionine, vitamin B6 and alcohol intake, and did not vary substantially according to age and smoking habits.

Conclusion: Dietary folate was inversely related to OSCC risk in this population with high alcohol consumption and infrequent use of supplements and multivitamins.

Keywords: alcohol; case-control study; diet; folate; oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.
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