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Annals of Oncology Advance Access published online on July 8, 2005
Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi312
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© 2005 European Society for Medical Oncology
Received March 24, 2005
Revised May 4, 2005
Accepted May 24, 2005

Original article

Smoking and lung cancer in Harbin, northeast China

J. Hu 1, C. Galeone 2*, R. Lui 3, C. Pelucchi 2, C. La Vecchia 4, and E. Negri 2

1 Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
2 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Milan
3 Department of Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
4 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Milan; Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
C. Galeone, E-mail: galeone{at}marionegri.it


  Abstract

Background: We studied the relationship between smoking and lung cancer risk in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, northeast China, an area with a very high baseline risk of lung cancer in both sexes, using data from a case-control study of lung cancer conducted between 1987 and 1990.

Patients and methods: Cases were 218 patients with incident, histologically confirmed lung cancer and controls were 436 patients admitted to the same hospital with non-neoplastic and non-lung diseases.

Results: Compared with never-smokers, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) for current smokers was 3.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31-5.20], and for ex-smokers 1.53 (95% CI 0.81-2.87). Lung cancer risk increased by 20% (95% CI 14% to 28%) for an increment of 5 years in smoking duration, and by 29% (95% CI 15% to 45%) for an increment of five cigarettes per day. The OR for smokers reporting occupational exposure to selected known or likely lung carcinogens was 7.22, compared with non-smokers without occupational exposure.

Conclusions: This study further confirms that cigarette smoking is a strong determinant of lung cancer also in this high-risk area of northeast China.

Keywords: case-control; China; lung cancer; smoking habit.
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