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Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on August 18, 2009
Annals of Oncology 2009 20(10):1615-1617; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp410
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

editorial

The role of VEGF in triple-negative breast cancer: where do we go from here?

S. F. Dent*

Medical Oncology, Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

* (E-mail: sdent@ottawahospital.on.ca)

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Human breast cancers represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that are diverse in behavior, outcome and response to therapy [1]. The ‘traditional approach’ to the management of breast cancer has always involved the use of targeted therapies even before the targets were recognized. The use of endocrine therapy was initially based on clinical observation as this treatment evolved long before the identification of the estrogen receptor (ER). For trastuzumab, however, it was the recognition of the target that started the journey toward identification of appropriate targeted treatments. So, where does this leave those patients who have tumors that express neither hormone receptors nor HER-2?

It was the use of gene expression studies using DNA microarray analysis that resulted in the subclassification of breast cancers into five subtypes: luminal A and B, normal breast-like, basal-like and HER-2 positive [2]. Luminal A and B are derived from ER-positive . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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