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Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on October 19, 2007
Annals of Oncology 2008 19(2):380-383; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm433
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© 2007 European Society for Medical Oncology. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

epidemiology

Glycemic index, glycemic load and thyroid cancer risk

G. Randi1,2,*, M. Ferraroni3, R. Talamini4, W. Garavello1,5, S. Deandrea1, A. Decarli2,6, S. Franceschi7 and C. La Vecchia1,2

1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’ Milan
2 Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria ‘Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Unità di Statistica Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
3 Dipartimento di MedicinaChirurgia e Odontoiatria
4 Servizio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano
5 Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, DNTB, Università Milano-Bicocca, Monza
6 Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
7 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

* Correspondence to: Dr G. Randi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Viale Eritrea 62, 20157 Milano, Italy. Tel: +39-02-39014541; Fax: +39-02-33200231; E-mail: randi{at}marionegri.it

Background: Risk of thyroid cancer has already been related to refined cereals and starch food, but the association has not been studied in terms of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL).

Patients and methods: We analyzed data from a case–control study conducted in Italy from 1986 to 1992 and including 399 histologically confirmed and incident cases of thyroid cancer and 616 control subjects. Information on dietary habits was derived through a food-frequency questionnaire and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for GI and GL levels were estimated with adjustment for age, education, sex, area of residence, history of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, intake of fruit and vegetables, and noncarbohydrate energy intake.

Results: Compared with the lowest tertile, the ORs in subsequent tertiles were 1.68 and 1.73 for GI, and 1.76 and 2.17 for GL. The OR for highest tertile of GI compared with lowest one was 1.70 for papillary and 1.57 for follicular thyroid cancer. The ORs for GL were 2.17 for papillary and 3.33 for follicular thyroid cancer.

Conclusion: Our study shows that high dietary levels of GI and GL are associated with thyroid cancer risk.

Key words: carbohydrate intake, case–control study, glycemic index, glycemic load, risk factors, thyroid cancer

Received for publication June 14, 2007. Accepted for publication July 26, 2007.


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