Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on March 19, 2007
Annals of Oncology 2007 18(6):1104-1109; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm078
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© 2007 European Society for Medical Oncology
epidemiology |
Flavonoids and laryngeal cancer risk in Italy
1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
2 Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, DNTB, Università Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
3 International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, USA
4 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Goudi, Athens, Greece
5 Unità di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
6 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, France
7 Istituto di Igiene ed Epidemiologia, Universitá degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
8 Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
* Correspondence to: Dr M. Rossi, Laboratorio di Epidemiologia, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri', Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39-02-39014-541; Fax: +39-02-33200231; E-mail: mrossi{at}marionegri.it
Background: Flavonoids may play an important role in explaining the protective effect of vegetables and fruit against cancer.
Patients and methods: To investigate the relation between flavonoids and laryngeal cancer risk, we have applied data on the composition of foods and beverages in terms of six principal classes of flavonoids to a case–control study of laryngeal cancer conducted from 1992 to 2000 in Italy. Cases were 460 subjects with incident, histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer; controls were 1088 patients admitted for acute, non-neoplastic diseases. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and energy intake.
Results: Significant inverse relations were found for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake for flavan-3-ols (OR = 0.64), flavanones (OR = 0.60), flavonols (OR = 0.32) and total flavonoids (OR = 0.60), although the overall trends in risk were significant only for flavanones and flavonols. No consistent associations were observed for isoflavones, anthocyanidins and flavones. The estimates did not differ substantially across strata of alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, body mass index and education, and tended to persist even after controlling for vegetable and fruit intake.
Conclusion: This study provides support for a beneficial effect of selected flavonoids on laryngeal cancer risk.
Key words: case–control study, flavonoids, laryngeal cancer, phytoestrogens, risk factors
Received for publication October 10, 2006. Accepted for publication February 6, 2007.
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