Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on April 12, 2006
Annals of Oncology 2006 17(6):1014-1017; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl080
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© 2006 European Society for Medical Oncology
Self-reported history of hypercholesterolaemia and gallstones and the risk of prostate cancer
1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy; 2 Unità di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy; 3 Servizio di Epidemiologia, Istituto Tumori ‘Fondazione Pascale’, Naples, Italy; 4 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, France; 5 Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
* Correspondence to: Dr F. Bravi, Laboratorio di Epidemiologia, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Via Eritrea 62-20157 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39-02-39014577; Fax: +39-02-33200231; E-mail: bravi{at}marionegri.it
Background: Although prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers, its aetiology—and particularly the role of comorbidity—remains poorly understood.
Patients and methods: Between 1991 and 2002, a case–control study on prostate cancer was conducted in Italy. This included 1294 men under the age of 75 years with incident, histologically confirmed prostate cancer, and 1451 controls, admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic diseases. The subjects' self-reported history of selected medical conditions was assessed through a structured and satisfactorily reproducible questionnaire. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained after allowance for major potential confounding factors.
Results: A significant direct relation was observed between hypercholesterolaemia and prostate cancer (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.23–1.85). This association was stronger (OR = 1.80) in older subjects (age 
65) than in younger ones (OR = 1.32). A non-significant excess risk of prostate cancer was also observed for gallstones (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.93–1.70) and the relation was apparently stronger in patients with lower body mass index (OR = 1.59).
Conclusions: This study suggests a possible relation between hypercholesterolaemia and prostate cancer.
Key words: case–control study, cholesterol, medical history, prostate cancer
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