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Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on June 15, 2005
Annals of Oncology 2005 16(10):1584-1595; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi307
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© 2005 European Society for Medical Oncology

Review

Recombinant human erythropoietin in oncology: current status and further developments

A. Engert*

Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany

* Correspondence to: Prof. A. Engert, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50924 Köln, Germany. Tel: +49-221-4785966; Fax: +49-221-4783778; E-mail: a.engert{at}uni-koeln.de

Anaemia effects up to 90% of cancer patients, with more than 60% requiring blood transfusion during or after treatment. With the advent of recombinant human erythropoietins (rHuEPO), an alternative to red blood cell transfusion has become available. So far, three drugs have been approved for the treatment of anaemia in patients with malignancies (epoetin alfa, epoetin beta and darbepoetin alfa). New concepts for the use of erythropoietin in cancer patients include 3- and 4-weekly dosing, as well as loading-dose concepts. Important factors helping to judge the impact of erythropoietin in cancer treatment include pharmacoeconomics and better predictive factors. Lately, the influence of erythropoietin therapy on survival in cancer patients has been discussed very intensively, because conflicting data have emerged. Studies aimed at correcting anaemia in cancer patients had indicated a possible survival advantage of those patients receiving erythropoietin. In contrast, two recent trials aimed at correction of haemoglobin levels beyond anaemia reported a poorer survival of patients receiving erythropoietin. This might grossly be attributed to a higher risk of thrombosis in these patients. The largest systematic review on the use of erythropoietin in cancer patients undergoing treatment indicates a suggestive but not significant survival advantage of erythropoietin-treated patients. In addition, very recent results of a Food and Drug Administration meeting on safety and survival of patients treated with erythropoietin are presented.

Key words: anaemia, cancer, darbepoetin alfa, erythropoietin


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