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Annals of Oncology 14:1306-1311, 2003
© 2003 European Society for Medical Oncology

Original Paper

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for N2 or N3 squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck from an occult primary

A. Argiris1,+, S. M. Smith2, K. Stenson2, B. B. Mittal1, H. J. Pelzer1, M. S. Kies1, D. J. Haraf2 and E. E. Vokes2

1 Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL; 2 University of Chicago and University of Chicago Cancer Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA

Received 17 January 2003; revised 27 March 2003; accepted 8 April 2003

Background:

Our aim was to explore the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck from an occult primary (HNCOP).

Patients and methods:

From 1991 to 2000, 25 patients with T0N2M0 or T0N3M0 HNCOP were entered into five sequential phase II clinical trials. Chemoradiotherapy consisted of a split course of radiotherapy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea either alone or with cisplatin, or paclitaxel. Two of the five protocols incorporated induction chemotherapy.

Results:

Nodal stage was N2a in five patients (20%), N2b in 13 (52%), N2c in one (4%) and N3 in six (24%). Twenty-two patients (88%) underwent neck dissection; 14 of 22 patients underwent neck dissection before initiating protocol therapy. Total radiation doses of 55–75 Gy (median 60 Gy) were delivered; radiation fields included the potential sites of mucosal primaries and the neck bilaterally. Selected patients received a radiation boost to the involved neck. With a median follow-up of 3.9 years, three patients have progressed (one local, two distant) and seven patients have died. Deaths were due to disease progression (three) or unrelated causes (four). No metachronous primaries developed. The 5-year progression-free and overall survival was 87% and 75%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Combined-modality treatment with intensive chemoradiotherapy results in excellent disease control and long-term survival for patients with N2–N3 HNCOP and compares favorably with traditional therapy.

Key words: chemotherapy, head and neck cancer, occult primary, radiotherapy, squamous cell carcinoma


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