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Annals of Oncology 14:817-824, 2003
© 2003 European Society for Medical Oncology

Review Article

Vaccination of patients with solid tumours

G. Parmiani+, L. Pilla, C. Castelli and L. Rivoltini

Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumours, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy

Received 30 September 2002; accepted 30 January 2003

Abstract

The molecular characterisation of human tumour antigens recognised by T cells has provided new impetus for immunisation of patients bearing tumours expressing well-defined antigens. After evaluating the immunogenicity of the new, molecularly characterised antigens in vitro, several clinical studies were conducted to assess the in vivo immunogenicity and the clinical efficacy of vaccines including these antigens. The findings generated by trials based on the administration of peptides or DNA-encoding antigens are discussed to highlight the limits of this therapeutic approach; however, this approach has resulted in some complete and durable regressions, although still in a unsatisfactory small number of cases (5–25%). The recent use of dendritic cells loaded ex vivo with tumour antigens suggests that a high frequency of tumour-specific immune responses can be achieved. Possible means of overcoming the clinical limits and improving the outcome of previous studies are also discussed.

Key words: cancer, melanoma, T cells, tumour escape, vaccination


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