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Annals of Oncology 2009 20(Supplement 4):iv61-iv63; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp130
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ESMO clinical recommendations

Advanced colorectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

E. Van Cutsem1, J. Oliveira2 and On behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group*

1 Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
2 Service of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

* Correspondence to: ESMO Guidelines Working Group, ESMO Head Office, Via L. Taddei 4, CH-6962 Viganello-Lugano, Switzerland; E-mail: clinicalrecommendations@esmo.org

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   incidence
 
In 2006 there were 412 900 new cases of colorectal cancer in Europe. This is 12.9% of all cancer cases. Colorectal cancer was responsible for 217 400 deaths in Europe in 2006. This represents 12.2% of all cancer deaths. Approximately 25% present with metastases at initial diagnosis and almost 50% of patients with colorectal cancer will develop metastases.


   diagnosis
 
Suspicion of metastatic disease should always be confirmed by adequate radiologic imaging, usually a computed tomography (CT)-scan and/or ultrasonography of the liver and plain chest X-ray.

In general, the first appearance of metastases should be cytologically or histologically confirmed. Only when there is a very typical presentation (imaging fully compatible with metastases in liver . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   staging and treatment strategy
 

   treatment
 

   response evaluation
 

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