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Annals of Oncology 2009 20(Supplement 4):iv32-iv33; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp121
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ESMO clinical recommendations

Esophageal cancer: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

M. Stahl1, J. Oliveira2 and On behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group*

1 Department of Medical Oncology and Centre of Palliative Care, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
2 Service of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

* Correspondence to: ESMO Guidelines Working Group, ESMO Head Office, Via L. Taddei 4, CH-6962 Viganello-Lugano, Switzerland; E-mail: clinicalrecommendations@esmo.org

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   incidence
 
The crude incidence of esophageal cancer in the European Union is ~4.5 cases/100 000/year (43 700 cases) and the mortality is ~3.5/100 000/year (39 500 cases).


   diagnosis
 
The diagnosis should be made from an endoscopic biopsy with the histology to be given according to the WHO criteria. Small cell carcinomas must be identified and separated from squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas and be treated accordingly.


   staging
 
. . . [Full Text of this Article]


   treatment
 

   treatment of limited disease (Tis–T2 N0–1M0)
 

   treatment of extensive disease (T3–T4 N0–1 M0 or T1–4 N0–1 M1)
 
squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma

   response evaluation
 

   follow-up
 

   note
 

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