© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
ESMO clinical recommendations |
Locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
1 Department of Medical Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
2 Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
* Correspondence to: ESMO Guidelines Working Group, ESMO Head Office, Via L. Taddei 4, CH-6962 Viganello-Lugano, Switzerland; E-mail: clinicalrecommendations@esmo.org
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incidence |
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in many countries, including developing countries. The crude incidence in the European Union is 109.8/100 000, the mortality is 38.4/100 000 women/year. Since 1990 the incidence rate has increased 1.5% annually. Due to advances both in early detection and in adjuvant treatment, mortality rates from breast cancer have been decreasing steadily in most western countries since the early 1990s. However, it is still the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Approximately 6% of breast cancers are metastatic at diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate of 21%. Depending on prognostic factors, in the worst scenario, up to 30% of node-negative and up to 70% of node-positive breast cancers will relapse. The prevalence of metastatic disease is high because
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diagnosis |
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staging and risk assessment |
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treatment |
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patients with luminal-type breast cancer (hormone receptor-positive breast cancer)
premenopausal patients.
postmenopausal patients.
patients with basal-type breast cancer (hormone receptor-negative breast cancer)
patients with HER-2-positive breast cancer
other biological agents
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response evaluation |
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follow-up |
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note |
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