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Annals of Oncology 2009 20(Supplement 4):iv10-iv14; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp114
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ESMO clinical recommendations

Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

V. Kataja1, M. Castiglione2 and On behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group*

1 Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa and Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland
2 Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

* Correspondence to: ESMO Guidelines Working Group, ESMO Head Office, Via L. Taddei 4, CH-6962 Viganello-Lugano, Switzerland; E-mail: clinicalrecommendations@esmo.org

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   incidence
 
In 2006 the estimated age-adjusted annual incidence of breast cancer in the European Union (25 countries) was 110.3/100 000 and the mortality 25.0/100 000. The incidence is increasing due to mammographic screening and aging population. The mortality rate has decreased especially in younger age groups because of earlier detection and improved treatment. However, breast cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in European women.


   diagnosis
 
The diagnosis is based on the triad of clinical, radiological and pathological examinations. Clinical examination includes bi-manual palpation of the breasts and local regional lymph nodes. Radiological examinations include bilateral mammography of the breasts and ultrasound of the breasts and local regional lymph nodes. MRI of the breasts is not a routine procedure, but may be considered in cases involving diagnostic . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   staging and risk assessment
 

   treatment plan
 

   local therapy
 
non-invasive carcinoma
invasive carcinoma

   primary (neo-adjuvant) systemic therapy
 

   adjuvant systemic therapy
 

   endocrine therapy
 

   chemotherapy
 

   trastuzumab
 

   follow-up
 

   note
 

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