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Annals of Oncology 2005 16(1):25-30; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi031
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© 2005 European Society for Medical Oncology

Special article

Workgroup I: criteria for screening. UICC International Workshop on Facilitating Screening for Colorectal Cancer, Oslo, Norway (29 and 30 June 2002)

P. Boyle1,{dagger}, H. Vainio1,{dagger}, R. Smith2,{ddagger},*, R. Benamouzig3, W. C. Lee4, N. Segnan5, K. Takima6 and Y. Tsubono7

1 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; 2 American Cancer Research Society, Atlanta, GA, USA; 3 AP-HL Hopital Avicenne, Bobigny, France; 4 The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; 5 Unita di Epidemiologia dei Tumori, Turin, Italy; 6 Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan; 7 Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

* Correspondence to: Dr R. Smith, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Tel: +1-404-329-7610; Email: Robert.Smith@cancer.org

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   Introduction
 
While there are many questions to be resolved, it is apparent that the biology of colorectal neoplasia is becoming increasingly understood, and prospects for prevention are becoming a reality. Achieving colorectal cancer control is an immediate challenge and should be approached in a positive frame of mind given that death from colorectal cancer frequently can be prevented if the disease is detected at an early stage [1Go].

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer occurring worldwide, with an estimated 1.02 million new cases diagnosed in 2002 [2Go], and an estimated 529 000 deaths. Colorectal cancer is most frequent in North America, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Europe, Japan and Israel (see Figures 1 and 2) [2Go].


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  		Figure 1. Incidence of colorectal cancer: age-standardized rate (world), male (all ages).

 

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  		Figure 2. Incidence of colorectal cancer: age-standardized rate (world), female (all ages).

 
This pattern of disease has . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Colorectal cancer control
 

   Criteria for screening
 
1. Is the disease an important public health problem?
2. Is there an effective treatment for localized disease?
3. Are facilities for further diagnosis and treatment available?
4. Is there an identifiable latent or early symptomatic stage of disease?
5. Is the technique to be used for screening effective?
6. Are the tests acceptable to the population?
7. Is the natural history of the disease known?
8. Is there a strategy for determining which patients should and should not be treated?
9. Is the cost of screening acceptable?
10. Screening should be an on-going process

   Criteria, guidelines and evaluation
 

   Conclusions
 

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