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Annals of Oncology 14:1006-1007, 2003
© 2003 European Society for Medical Oncology

Original Paper

ESMO Minimum Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of rectal cancer

K. M. Tveit

Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   Incidence
 

The crude incidence of rectal cancer in the European Union is approximately 35% of the total colorectal cancer incidence, i.e. 15–25 cases/100 000 per year.
The mortality is 4–10 cases/100 000 per year with the lower figures valid for females, the higher for males.


   Diagnosis
 

Diagnosis is based on a clinical rectal examination including rigid proctoscopy with biopsy for histopathological examination. Tumors . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Staging and risk assessment
 

   Treatment plan
 
Resectable cases
Primary non-resectable cases and local recurrences
Locally advanced and disseminated disease

   Follow-up
 

   Note
 

   Literature
 

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