Annals of Oncology 9:S41-S46, 1998
© 1998 European Society for Medical Oncology
Reviews |
Tumor vaccination strategies combined with autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation*
Department of Experimental Transplantation & Immunology, Medicine Brunch, Division of Clinical Sciences NC1, Belhesda, MD, USA
Correspondence to: L.W. Kwak, MD. PhD, Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Building 567, Room 205, Frederick, MD 21702–1201, USA, E-mail, kwak{at}ncifcrf.gov
Despite advances in high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphomas, relapse of the underlying disease remains a significant obstacle. Recent advances in cancer vaccine development, specifically, the molecular identification of novel tumor antigens and understanding of cellular signals delivered by cytokines and costimulatory molecules required for efficient T-cell activation, now make it possible to consider combining active specific immunotherapy with PSCT as a strategy for elimination of minimal residual disease. As a model lymphoma-specific antigen, vaccination with patient-specific, immunoglobulin idiotype has been shown to be therapeutically effective when combined with marrow transplantation in small animal models. These preclinical studies predict the feasibility of immunization of human patients with B-cell malignancies vaccinated with this antigen in the post-transplant setting in ongoing clinical trials, especially for T-cell responses. In the future, other vaccine formulations, based on gene therapy approaches to enhance the immunogenicity of whole lymphoma cells or the identification of novel, defined antigens selectively expressed on lymphoma cells, as well as combined strategies of pre- and post-transplant tumor vaccination are envisioned.
lymphoma, T-cell immunity, tumor vaccine
* The US Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.