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Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on November 9, 2009
Annals of Oncology 2009 20(12):1913-1927; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp492
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

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Triple-negative breast cancer—current status and future directions

O. Gluz1,*, C. Liedtke2, N. Gottschalk3, L. Pusztai4, U. Nitz1 and N. Harbeck3

1 Westdeutsche Studiengruppe GmbH, Mönchengladbach
2 Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
3 Brustzentrum Köln/Frechen, Uniklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
4 Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

* Correspondence to: Dr O. Gluz, Westdeutsche Studiengruppe gGmbH, Ludwig-Weber-Straße 15, 41061 Mönchengladbach, Germany

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by a lack of expression of both estrogen and progesterone receptor as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. It is characterized by distinct molecular, histological and clinical features including a particularly unfavorable prognosis despite increased sensitivity to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. TNBC is highly though not completely concordant with various definitions of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) defined by high-throughput gene expression analyses. The lack in complete concordance may in part be explained by both BLBC and TNBC comprising entities that in themselves are heterogeneous. Numerous efforts are currently being undertaken to improve prognosis for patients with TNBC. They comprise both optimization of choice and scheduling of common cytotoxic agents (i.e. addition of platinum salts or dose intensification strategies) and introduction of novel agents (i.e. poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase-1 inhibitors, agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, multityrosine kinase inhibitors or antiangiogenic agents).

Key words: basal-like breast cancer, gene expression profiling, molecular heterogeneity, targeted agents, triple-negative breast cancer

Received for publication July 23, 2009. Revision received August 24, 2009. Accepted for publication September 8, 2009.


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