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Annals of Oncology 2:541-557, 1991
© 1991 European Society for Medical Oncology

review-article

Review: Glucocorticoid receptors in human malignancies: A review

P. NØrgaard and H. Skovgaard Poulsen

Department of Oncology Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Correspondence to: Peter NØrgaard, M.D. Department of Oncology, Rigshopitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 CopenhagenØ, Denmark

The present knowledge of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGCR) in primary malignancies is reviewed. It is concluded that hGCR" is present in a large number of these tissues; in all tissue specimens of lymphoid malignancies and in varying fractions of the different solid tumors. The hGCR functions as a hormone dependent, specific enhancer interacting protein in mediating the considerable effects of glucocorucoids on growth regulation, both through stimulation and inhibition of expression of the target genes, including other transcription regulation systems. The processes of receptor activation and regulation, as well as the effects of glucocorticoids, are tissue-specific. Subjects for future research are proposed: Establishment of more cell lines and animal models to extend investigation beyond the present concentration on only a few cell lines, especially CEM-C7, application of ‘dynamic’ assays to cells obtained from patients, in an attempt to predict development of glucocorticoid resistance, and further investigation of the relationships among GCR and growth factors and oncogenes.

cell lines, glucocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid resistance, human malihgnancies, receptor activation


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