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Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on January 10, 2008
Annals of Oncology 2008 19(5):1003-1008; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm590
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

epidemiology

Alcohol consumption and renal cell cancer risk in two Italian case–control studies

C. Pelucchi1,*, C. Galeone1, M. Montella2, J. Polesel3, A. Crispo2, R. Talamini3, E. Negri1, V. Ramazzotti4, M. Grimaldi2, S. Franceschi5 and C. La Vecchia1,6

1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Milan
2 Servizio di Epidemiologia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, Naples
3 S.O.C. Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano
4 Servizio Integrato di Epidemiologia e Sistemi Informativi (SINTESI), Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Regina Elena’, Roma, Italy
5 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, France
6 Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria ‘G. A. Maccacaro’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

* Correspondence to: Dr C. Pelucchi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39-02-39014577; Fax: +39-02-33200231; E-mail: pelucchi{at}marionegri.it

Background: There is some evidence that alcohol consumption is inversely associated with renal cell cancer (RCC), but the issue is still unclear.

Patients and methods: We investigated the relation using data from two Italian multicentric case–control studies conducted from 1985 to 2004, including a total of 1115 incident, histologically confirmed cases and 2582 controls hospitalised with acute, non-neoplastic conditions.

Results: Compared with non-drinkers, the multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of RCC were 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–1.04] for ≤4 drinks per day, 0.76 (95% CI 0.59–0.99) for >4 to ≤8 drinks per day and 0.70 (95% CI 0.50–0.97) for >8 drinks per day of alcoholic beverages, with a significant inverse trend in risk (P value = 0.01). The ORs were 0.85 (95% CI 0.71–1.02) for wine, 0.84 (95% CI 0.68–1.03) for beer and 0.86 (95% CI 0.70–1.05) for spirits consumption, as compared with abstainers. No trend in risk of RCC emerged with duration (P value = 0.94) and age at starting alcohol consumption (P value = 0.81). Results were consistent in men and women, as well as in strata of age, smoking and body mass index.

Conclusions: This pooled analysis found an inverse association between alcohol drinking and RCC. Risks continued to decrease even above eight drinks per day (i.e. >100 g/day) of alcohol intake, with no apparent levelling in risk.

Key words: alcohol drinking, alcoholic beverages, case–control studies, renal cell carcinoma, risk factors

Received for publication October 17, 2007. Revision received December 6, 2007. Accepted for publication December 6, 2007.


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