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Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on December 4, 2007
Annals of Oncology 2008 19(4):641-648; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm549
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

epidemiology

Weight change and cancer risk in a cohort of more than 65 000 adults in Austria

K. Rapp1,*, J. Klenk1, H. Ulmer2,3, H. Concin2, G. Diem2, W. Oberaigner4 and J. Schroeder5

1 Institute of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse, Germany
2 Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz
3 Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck, Medical University
4 Cancer Registry of Tyrol, Department of Clinical Epidemiology of the Tyrolean State Hospitals Ltd, Innsbruck, Austria
5 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

* Correspondence to: Dr K. Rapp, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Tel: +49-731-5031070; Fax: +49-731-5031069; E-mail: kilian.rapp{at}uni-ulm.de

Background: To investigate relations between weight loss or weight gain and the incidence of cancer.

Patients and methods: Weight change was assessed in a population-based cohort of >65 000 Austrian adults (28 711 men and 36 938 women) for a period of 7 years, after which participants were followed for incident cancers over 8 years on average. Incident cancers (other than nonmelanoma skin cancers) were ascertained by a population-based cancer registry (n = 3128). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard rate ratios (HRs) stratified by age and adjusted for smoking, occupational group, blood glucose and body mass index at baseline.

Results: In both men and women, neither weight loss nor weight gain was clearly associated with the incidence of all cancers combined. Weight loss (>0.10 kg/m2/year) was inversely associated with colon cancer in men [HR 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.87], while high weight gain (≥0.50 kg/m2/year) was inversely associated with prostate cancer (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.24–0.76). Among women, high weight gain was positively associated with ovarian cancer (HR 2.48; 95% CI 1.05–5.85).

Conclusion: These findings indicate that recent weight change may influence the incidence of several types of cancer.

Key words: colon cancer, epidemiology, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, weight change

Received for publication September 12, 2007. Revision received October 30, 2007. Accepted for publication October 31, 2007.


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