© 2006 European Society for Medical Oncology
Linoleic acid, vitamin D and other nutrient intakes in the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an Italian case-control study
1 Unità di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy; 2 Servizio di Epidemiologia, Istituto Tumori ‘Fondazione Pascale’, Naples; 3 Unità di Igiene e Epidemiologia, Università di Udine, Udine; 4 Struttura Operativa Semplice di Immunologia Clinica e Virologia Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Ospedale ‘S. Maria degli Angeli’, Pordenone; 5 Divisione di Oncologia Medica A, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano; 6 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; 7 Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; 8 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
* Correspondence to: Dr J. Polesel, Unità di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Via Pedemontana Occ. 12, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy. Fax: +39-0434–659222; E-mail: epidemiology{at}cro.it
Background: Dietary habits have been suggested as a factor related to the increase of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence in western populations, but the role of individual nutrients is still unclear.
Patients and methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Italy, 1999–2002. Cases: 190 incident, histologically-confirmed NHL cases aged 18–84 years. Controls: 484 subjects admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic diseases unrelated to diet. Dietary habits were assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire; nutrient intakes were computed using the Italian food composition database. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for tertiles of intake of nutrient were computed using the energy-adjusted residual models.
Results: Inverse association emerged for polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9), linoleic acid (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9), and vitamin D (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9). The protective effect for linoleic acid (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.7) and vitamin D (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9) was stronger in women; no differences emerged according to age. Linoleic acid was inversely related to follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; the protective effect of vitamin D emerged most clearly for follicular subtypes.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk of NHL.
Key words: linoleic acid, macronutrient, micronutrient, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, vitamin D
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