Annals of Oncology Advance Access originally published online on July 8, 2005
Annals of Oncology 2005 16(10):1605-1608; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi312
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© 2005 European Society for Medical Oncology
Smoking and lung cancer in Harbin, northeast China
1 Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2 Department of Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; 3 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Milan; 4 Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
* Correspondence to: Dr C. Galeone, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39-02-39014577; Fax: +39-02-33200231; E-mail: galeone{at}marionegri.it
Background: We studied the relationship between smoking and lung cancer risk in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, northeast China, an area with a very high baseline risk of lung cancer in both sexes, using data from a case–control study of lung cancer conducted between 1987 and 1990.
Patients and methods: Cases were 218 patients with incident, histologically confirmed lung cancer and controls were 436 patients admitted to the same hospital with non-neoplastic and non-lung diseases.
Results: Compared with never-smokers, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) for current smokers was 3.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31–5.20], and for ex-smokers 1.53 (95% CI 0.81–2.87). Lung cancer risk increased by 20% (95% CI 14% to 28%) for an increment of 5 years in smoking duration, and by 29% (95% CI 15% to 45%) for an increment of five cigarettes per day. The OR for smokers reporting occupational exposure to selected known or likely lung carcinogens was 7.22, compared with non-smokers without occupational exposure.
Conclusions: This study further confirms that cigarette smoking is a strong determinant of lung cancer also in this high-risk area of northeast China.
Key words: case–control, China, lung cancer, smoking habit
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