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Annals of Oncology 15:185-196, 2004
© 2004 European Society for Medical Oncology

Chemoprevention of lung cancer—from biology to clinical reality

Received 14 April 2003; revised 8 July 2003; accepted 10 September 2003

Lung cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in developed countries and throughout the world. Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer and ex-smokers today comprise ~50% of all new lung cancer cases. Chemoprevention builds on the concepts of field of cancerization and multistep carcinogenesis and can be defined as the use of natural or chemical compounds to prevent, inhibit or reverse the process of carcinogenesis. So far, chemoprevention studies in lung cancer have failed to reduce lung cancer mortality. New developments in biotechnology have made it possible to define more accurately high-risk populations, make earlier diagnosis possible, and allow more specific targeted therapies to be developed. Both the development and validation of biomarkers, for the selection of high-risk study populations and for response evaluation in chemoprevention studies, are important for the faster turnover of studies evaluating new agents. This article reviews the current status and describes the perspectives for new approaches in the chemoprevention of lung cancer.

R. C. Winterhalder1, F. R. Hirsch2,*, G. K. Kotantoulas3, W. A. Franklin2 and P. A. Bunn Jr2

1 Department of Oncology, Kantonsspital Luzern, Switzerland; 2 Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Denver, Colorado, CO, USA; 3 Athens Chest Hospital ‘Sotiria’, Fifth Pulmonary Clinic, Athens, Greece

Key words: chemoprevention, cyclooxygenase 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, lung cancer, lung cancer biology, retinoids


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