Annals of Oncology 14:907-912, 2003
© 2003 European Society for Medical Oncology
Original Paper |
Energy, macronutrients and laryngeal cancer risk
1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan; 2 Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan; 3 Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy; 4 Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, Institut Universitaire de Médicine Sociale et Préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland; 5 International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; 6 Ospedale San Gerardo, Università di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy; 7 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, France
Received 22 August 2002; revised 22 January 2003; accepted 19 February 2003
Background:
A role for diet in laryngeal carcinogenesis has been suggested, but only a few studies have examined the potential relationship with a wide variety of macronutrients.
Patients and methods:
A case–control study was conducted between 1992 and 2000 in Italy and Switzerland, including 527 incident cases of laryngeal cancer, and 1297 controls hospitalized for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. The subjects’ usual diet was investigated through a validated food frequency questionnaire, including 78 foods and beverages. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models.
Results:
Cases reported higher energy intake than controls. The continuous OR for 100 kcal/day was 1.16 (95% CI 1.12–1.21) for alcohol energy, and 1.02 (95% CI 1.01–1.04) for non-alcohol energy. A significantly increased risk of laryngeal cancer was observed for animal protein (continuous OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.41), polyunsaturated fats other than linoleic and linolenic fatty acids (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19–1.70), and cholesterol intake (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19–1.71). Laryngeal cancer risk was slightly reduced with increasing vegetable protein (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.91), sugar (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–1.00) and monounsaturated fatty acid intake (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99).
Conclusions:
Laryngeal cancer cases have a higher energy intake than control subjects, and report a higher intake of animal protein and cholesterol.
Key words: case–control study, diet, laryngeal cancer, nutrients, risk factors
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