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Annals of Oncology 13:1915-1918, 2002
© 2002 European Society for Medical Oncology

Original Paper

Preponderance of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T homozygosity among leukemia patients intolerant to methotrexate

P. Chiusolo1,+, G. Reddiconto1, I. Casorelli1, L. Laurenti1, F. Sorà1, L. Mele1, L. Annino2, G. Leone1 and S. Sica1

1 Cattedra di Ematologia, Divisione di Ematologia, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore Roma; 2 Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy

Received 5 February 2002; revised 11 June 2002; accepted 18 June 2002

Background:

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism, a common mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme that catalyzes reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a carbon donor in the metabolism of folate, determines a striking reduction in the enzyme activity in carriers of mutation at homozygous status.

Patients and methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of MTHFR C677T and the influence of genotype on methotrexate (MTX) toxicity in patients with acute leukemia undergoing maintenance chemotherapy. Seventy-eight patients were analyzed and 61 were evaluable for toxicity. MTX toxicity was assessed on bone marrow, liver and mucosae.

Results:

The incidence of the C677T mutation was as expected in the general Italian population with 23.08% of patients being TT, 38.46% of patients CT and 38.46% of patients CC. The TT genotype was significantly associated with an increase of toxicity during MTX administration. No specific pattern of toxicity was detected, although in TT patients myelosuppression and liver toxicity were more pronounced.

Conclusions:

TT genotype may indicate a need to reduce the dose of MTX during prolonged administration. Considering the high prevalence of homozygous individuals in the Italian population, pretreatment screening may be worthwhile.

Key words: methotrexate, MTHFR, polymorphism


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